Ottoman-Russian Diplomatic Confrontation during the Second Balkan War 1913

On the basis of British, German, French, and Russian documents, origins, course, consequences diplomatic struggle between Ottoman empires caused by St. Petersburg’s gross interference in international relations Balkans have been studied. It is shown that Russia actively, though unsuccessfully, made enormous efforts during First Balkan War 1912–1913 to persuade Bulgarian army relinquish control Adrianople, which was under at time because it viewed Bulgaria as its immediate competitor potential for Constantinople Black Sea straits Bosporus Dardanelles. After all, capture these strategically located territories one main directions policy several centuries. The article considers how autocracy, on contrary, already tried prevent return Adrianople Second seeking allies among European powers, no longer wanting strengthen sultan’s position near Dardanelles, considering prey. All tools pressure government were analyzed, including threats carry out a naval operation Straits or seize part Turkey’s Asian possessions, urge Russia’s ally France abandon further lending Empire. has proven such an inconsistent rather aggressive led fact Empire, like Bulgaria, actively sought resist this encroachment, quickly became closer Germany, later entered World side. noted looking partners expansion, cooperated quite successfully with Ukrainian liberation movement, especially Union Liberation Ukraine, represented Constantinople, officially declared support people against tsarist autocracy. Furthermore, emphasized both Entente (France Great Britain) rivals Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy) categorically did not accept attempts expand Bosporus, Dardanelles beyond Eastern Mediterranean, would radically upset balance power Europe Middle East and, general, destabilize great powers yet ready.